proteins)을 만드는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그리고 인간 유전체에 포함되어 있는 유전자의 개수 (gene count)는 최초의 인간유전체사업의 초안에서 예상한 31,000개보다 약간 적은 28,939개 정도로 계산하고 있다. (Human Genome build 36.1; 2006년 7월 기준) 한편 인간유전체사업의 완성으로 질병 등과 같은 특정 표현형에
Nanoparticles present possible dangers
- due to the high surface to volume ratio
pass through cell membranes in organisms
Smaller nanoparticles evinced increased cytotoxicity.
Self-assembly :
process that disordered system of components forms an organized structure or pattern
The device is switched on - >
the pump pushes ions across the lipid membrane,
Translocation Melanosome
From Melanocyte to Keratinocyte
Mode of melanin transfer
Membrane Fusion
Vesicular Transfer
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
Cytophgocytosis
때는 반드시 단백질(protein)이라고 부른다. protein은 그리스어의 proteios(중요한 것)에서 유래된 것이다. 단백질은 생물체의 몸의 구성성분으로서, 또 세포 내의 각종 화학반응의 촉매 역할을 담당하는 물질로서, 그리고 항체(抗體)를 형성하여 면역(免疫)을 담당하는 물질로서 대단히 중요한 유기물이다.
Protein
Two Major Functions
1) as enzymes
2) as a structural role for the cell
About polypeptide folding and various configurations protein adopt
How several polypeptides associate to form a large unit
The formation and structure of enzyme-substrate complexes and antibodies,
and the models put forth to represent them
1. Peptide bond는 부분적으로 이
Actin polymerization
ATP bound actin polymerizes to form polar microfilament
Cell morphology, motility
Tightly regulated, coordinated by different actin-binding
proteins
3. Intracellular transport
- Microfilament is concerned with intracellular
transport of vesicles or other organelles
- Mitochondria transport in cells
Phalloidin method used in many actin dete
protein coupled family of receptors.
Stimulation of the receptor results in activation of adenylate cyclase and increased levels of intracellular cAMP.
Glucagon receptors are mainly expressed in liver and in kidney with lesser amounts found in heart, adipose tissue, spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, cerebral cortex, and gastrointestinal tract.
Effects of glucagon appear to be mediate
있는데, 그 때문에 '미용 독소'라고도 불린다. 최근 전 세계 70개 국가에서 치료제로 승인되어 다양한 의학 분야에서 활발한 연구가 진행되어지고 있다.
3. 보톡스의 구조
Dichain Structure : 150 kDa
Light chain : 50 kDa, pharmacological activity (endoprotease activity)
Heavy chain : 100 kDa, binding & translocation activity
muscle (RSM).
GGTaseI (=prenyltransferase) : Catalyzes the covalent attachment of the geranylgeranyl group from GGPP to RhoA(prenylation)
GGTI-297 (=Rho A Prenylation Inhibitor) : Blocks RhoA prenylation via inhibiting transfer of geranylgeranyl group to RhoA via inhibition of GGTaseI
RhoA prenylation : Translocation of RhoA to the membrane followed by the activation of RhoA/ROCK